Environmental Sustainability in the Digital Age: The Role of Smart Technologies in Agriculture, Urban Development, and Energy Management

Environmental sustainability is a pressing global challenge that demands innovative solutions to balance ecological preservation with human development. In the digital age, smart technologies have emerged as transformative tools for addressing these challenges by optimizing resource management, reducing environmental impact, and promoting sustainable practices. This review explores the role of smart technologies across three critical domains: agriculture, urban development, and energy management. In agriculture, precision farming, IoT-enabled monitoring, and sustainable water management are enhancing productivity while minimizing resource use. Urban development benefits from smart city initiatives, intelligent transportation systems, and innovative waste management solutions that improve efficiency, reduce emissions, and enhance urban living standards. In energy management, technologies such as smart grids, renewable energy integration, and energy-efficient building systems are revolutionizing energy distribution and consumption. This paper also examines the benefits of these technologies in advancing sustainability goals and highlights the Government of India’s initiatives to promote smart technologies in agriculture. By integrating digital tools with sustainability objectives, smart technologies offer a pathway to a resilient, sustainable future, underscoring their vital role in mitigating environmental challenges.